Charles Dickens Great Expectations as a Fairy Tale :: Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essays

Charles Dickens' Great Expectations as a Fairy Tale There are numerous manners by which Great Expectations takes after a pixie story, for example, the topics destitute individuals accepting wealth, the good reasons, - do great unto others and you will be reimbursed. During Victorian occasions stories were utilized predominantly for ethics purposes. One of the fundamental reasons why takes after a fantasy is because of its characters Extraordinary Expectations has numerous characters that mirror the qualities of those in fantasies. A portion of these fantasy qualities are found in Miss Havisham. In section eight, when Miss Havisham first shows up, she appears to take on the part of a pixie guardian, yet, she despite everything appears to come across as a mutilated figure. In part eleven, Pip tells how she put her hand upon his shoulder, â€Å"†¦She resembled the witch of the place.† This shows Miss Havisham to be the mischievous witch of the story. Section fifteen, in this part of the book we find out about the ‘morose journeyman’ and such a stories he told Pip. â€Å"†¦the demon lived in a dark corner of the fashion, and that he knew the monster quite well: additionally that it was important to make up the fire, once in seven years, with a live kid, and that I should think about myself fuel.† The frightfulness stories Pip was told all through his adolescence are strung into the surface of the novel through different pictures, and at this point in the book, Miss Havisham speaks to the witch, yet she is moreover satisfying the job of the pixie Godmother. Another witchlike character in the book is Mrs. Joe. Estella is another character ‘type’ that you would discover in a pixie story. She appears to be the princess of the story. At the point when we initially meet Estella she appears to be mean, and merciless which is expected to being raised by Miss Havisham. As we get further into the story we start excessively fell sorry for Estella, as she has lived for her entire life with a ‘witch’. She presently is by all accounts the bound princess; in any case, in part 29, it appears as though Estella will no lurch be the bound princess. †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to put it plainly, carry out all the sparkling things of the youthful Knight of sentiment, what's more, wed the princess.† This section shows that Pip accepts he can safeguard Estella from Miss Havisham and carry on with a cheerful existence with her. Orlick and Magwitch speak to the monster type character that you would find in a fantasy. In part fifteen we figure out how Pip feels that Orlick despises him fro some obscure explanation. â€Å"†¦Drew out a super hot bar, made at me with it as

Globalization and the gains from international trade Essay - 1

Globalization and the additions from worldwide exchange - Essay Example Utilizing certain suppositions, Samuelson reasoned that in spite of the fact that it can't be delineated that everybody stands to increase under facilitated commerce, it can all things considered, be demonstrated that nobody could be any less more terrible (Kemp 1995, pp. 3-4). As indicated by him, in a free framework, both creation and utilization consistently end up higher than those in autarkic states. An unhindered commerce society is in an ideal situation since the exchange outskirts ascends high over the autarkic wilderness on all angles inferring that it can acquire all the more all of such products less a portion of the dull sources of info (Samuelson 1962, pp. 820-821). Kemp accepts that gains in organized commerce is revealed just if none of the nations inside the globalized framework is more terrible off than those in littler traditions associations. Facilitated commerce, as per him, is only one of the vital qualities of globalization that eventually offers ascend to incre asingly worldwide turn of events (Kemp1987). Kemp (1962) developed Samuelson’s hypothesis by demonstrating that GTIF is relevant to nations of whatever size under comparable suppositions. Utilizing the condition p1 z1 †w1 a1 ? p1 z0 - w1 a0, Kemp presumed that it is difficult to improve everybody off by a negligible redistribution of merchandise under autarky and delineated, utilizing a similar utility bends utilized by Samuelson, that unhindered commerce is superior to autarky (see Fig. 2). ... Point pp additionally goes beneath u1 in light of the fact that it works under autarkic condition, yet point RR, which works under unhindered commerce, can neither lie inside autarkic levels. In entirety, the GFTIP has four center hypotheses, expecting a fixed market with limited quantities of people and wares: organized commerce is superior to no exchange, regardless of whether an economy is little or enormous; any improvement in exchange is valuable on account of little open economies; exchange further items is in like manner advantageous for little open economies, and; a relationship including any exchange understanding is commonly helpful for any subset of exchanging nations (Kemp 1995, p. 105). ii) Carefully clarify and explain the verification of the old style GFITP gave by Grandmont and McFadden (1972). For what reason is this verification by and large viewed as the primary palatable evidence of the old style gains from worldwide exchange recommendation? The primary agreeable and complete verification of the traditional GFITP is accepted to be that propounded by Grandmont and McFadden in 1972. The purpose behind the long slack of time among recommendation and verification lies in detail: the nonappearance of a singular amount repaid world before World War II (Kemp and Wan 1972). Grandmont and McFadden demonstrated that autarkic nations can accordingly develop into organized commerce without hurting their shoppers through inside financing to guarantee, in any event, that buyers are not more awful off than previously. With the old style GFITP decreased into Propositions An and B, Grandmont and McFadden built up a model to demonstrate their legitimacy (1972, p. 110). In the Grandmont-McFadden model, the two Propositions An and B expect decentralized and various customers countries with serious household markets. Suggestion A states that â€Å"Given a world serious exchange

MIH548 - Theory Based Research - Mod 1 Case Assignment Essay

MIH548 - Theory Based Research - Mod 1 Case Assignment - Essay Example This is chiefly shown up at through deductive and inductive rationale and stinginess inside the cutoff points and areas of science and related levelheaded presuppositions. It is to be recollected that trials and perceptions produce information, and in some point there would be a requirement for communication among information and hypothesis, which drives the system past the domain of deductive reasonability to assortment of information and their translation in such a way, that the entire undertaking can be duplicated (Wilson 1952). John Snow is celebrated as a disease transmission specialist who originally showed convincingly that cholera is really brought about by microorganisms, and he deductively settled that these life forms influence the people through transmission by nourishment or water. His epidemiologic work is currently considered as the exemplary reference of present day the study of disease transmission and has been named by Frost to be a â€Å"nearly immaculate model† (Morabia 2001). Snow’s take a shot at cholera pandemic in London would not have been conceivable without the logical sickness reconnaissance techniques established by Farr, which demonstrated the significance of water gracefully in South London. In light of the information gathered by Farr, Snow could arrive at a decision about the causation of cholera plagues in London. In light of the appropriation of mortality information from cholera, it was feasible for him to find the family units that were getting similarly cleane r water and consequently lesser rate of the malady and related passing rates (Morabia 2001). The need of a controlled analysis so as to involve the water flexibly in the London cholera plague in 1848-1849 was comprehended by both, however Snow got a scholarly jump from the information gathered by Farr, through the straightforward strategy for gathering the families dependent on a meaning of introduction to the causative operator. In spite of the idea of controlled investigation

Why I Want To Be A Leader, Free Essay Sample

Why I want to be a Leader A leader is an individual who has an influence on a certain group of people to their success. A leader leads by example and inspires others to follow his or her steps. Being a leader calls for deep commitments to the objectives that one wants to achieve (Osborne, 2015). Leadership means that one has the capability of transforming vision into reality. However, leadership cannot be achieved without the help of other people and thus to be a leader, you have to have followers who own your trust. It is a leaders objective to develop trustworthy aspects, set direction and also inspire others. Also, good leaders are capable of creating stimulating results and also solely turn failing businesses into fortune associations. However, according to a research, good leadership skills, a leader is required to develop significant inner resources like self-mastery as well as self-awareness (Osborne, 2015). Applying extra efforts to ones leadership assists in developing practical outcomes beyond the p eoples expectations. Therefore, in this paper, I will explain why I want to be a leader. Characteristics of a Good Leader The society requires great leaders with effective skills and practices. The point of being a good leader is to give services that are fair, practical and proficient. Solid leadership is the foundation of development. However, I believe, that I should make the vision, bolster the systems, and the medium for building up the individual seat quality to propel my group. According to my assessment, I believe that I have the effective skills that can make me a good leader. These skills include the ability to inspire people, self-assertiveness, and cautious. I also have good communication skills, self-directed and the ability to delegate (Novis, 2011). Inspiring People Inspiring means being innovative, selfless and creative and also means doing extraordinary things that lead people to do better things. Leadership requires distinctive aptitudes (Owen, 2017). However, I understand being inspirational to others, I can facilitate self-growth to people under my leadership by organizing the authority practices and practices that will positively affect people under my leadership. At the point that I am hoping to build up my initiative group, this is a viable apparatus which gives me direction as well as empowering me to enhance and refine my skills and practices (Owen, 2017). Moreover, I learned that I am typically enthusiastic and I also tune people around me. At some points, being a motivational leader I have to be excessively effusive, therefore experiencing difficulty and remaining focused. Therefore, I want to be a leader to motivate others to their success. Self-assertive Self-assertive refers to being self-reliant without being an antagonist. Being assertive presumes fulfillment of everyones needs through cooperation. However, few definitions can be useful to help me to understand assertiveness, like being frank about my needs and yet considering the rights and needs of others (Kurucz, 2013). Moreover, to associate with my crowd, I will comprehend why my point is imperative to them. What do they hope to gain from my leadership? As a leader, I need to understand that the people I serve are not like me. They may have social or geographic predispositions and the more I comprehend them, the better I can convey the essential service without making mistakes. It is likewise imperative to know the level of erudition they have about my point, so I can give them the right tone to keep individuals intrigued and locked in. furthermore, assertiveness will help me in problem-solving (Kurucz, 2013). Cautious Being cautious means meticulous, and conscientious. I think scientifically and deliberately and settle on choices carefully by making a lot of research and data to back up my decisions (Kurucz, 2013). The C aspect has exclusive expectations to myself as well as other people. Cautions help me to concentrate on the points of interest (Kurucz, 2013). As a leader, I will, therefore, be more task situated as well as more reserved in order to lead carefully. I will lead from the side ensuring that everybody is moving along with my leadership, in agreement, and following similar systems. When something is proposed, I will thoroughly consider everything regarding how they function and the procedure I should take. As well, I will make reasonable gauges and voice the issues that people see with the arrangement or effectively existing framework. I am also supposed to complete the task I focus on and be exceptionally comprehensive. As well, I will take extraordinary effort in order to do my work . Communication Skills Being a leader it calls for one to have verbal and nonverbal communication skills (Owen, 2017). Also, a leader is required to adapt skills based on the people he or she is communicating with. I, therefore, believe that I have the capacities to pay attention, read the non-verbal communication, make inquiries, give input, and produce viable two-way connection fabricates trust and can avoid execution issues along the way. Also, I have the ability to serenely utilize a variety of communication styles keeping in mind the end goal to expressive objectives and targets effective for my leadership (Owen, 2017). Self-Direction Self-direction refers to the ability to lead and monitoring yourself in a powerful and effective way. A good leader knows how to organize tasks, make things done as well as avoid procrastination (Owen, 2017). The main factor is motivating yourself and push self-inflicted limits and that spirit focuses on discovering the passion in you. Moreover, a self-directed leader is required to have the effort of carrying out objectives to an end (Owen, 2017). Following this explanations, as a leader, I believe I can generate energy for my projects, make effective decisions when necessary and also consider the opinions of the people under my leadership. Ability to Delegate Delegation means allocating authority and responsibility to someone so that he or she can complete an agreed task although you retain the final accountability for its success (Novis, 2011). The delegation includes an effective leadership that empowers team members. Furthermore, leadership cannot be effective without the help of other, therefore, I believe having the ability to delegate as a leader I will improve the efficiency of my teammates and also have time to plan my next move. As a leader, I possess the significant skills that I pass to people under me. Therefore, delegating will help me to encourage my team to develop themselves as I also develop more mentoring skills (Novis, 2011). Conclusion Association, for example, requires compelling directors and representatives to accomplish their targets. Associations cannot prevail without their workforce skills and commitment. Being a leader calls for deep commitments to the objectives that one wants to achieve. However, leadership means that one has the capability of transforming vision into reality. I, therefore, want to be a leader because I believe I have the favorable qualities required to lead people such as being cautious, inspiring people, being self-directed, being self-assertive, having the ability to delegate and also having good communication skills. References Kurucz, E. C., Colbert, B. A., Wheeler, D. (2013). Reconstructing value: Leadership skills for a sustainable world. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Novis, G. (2011). Leadership skills. Johannesburg: Freeman Productions. Osborne, C. (2015). Leadership. London: DK. Owen, J. (2017). The leadership skills handbook: 90 essential skills you need to be a leader. London, United Kingdom; New York, NY: Kogan Page Limited

Russia As One Of The World s Superpowers - 1545 Words

Russia stands as one of the world’s superpowers. The same ideals and strength of a people that spawned the Russian Revolution continue to persist nearly a hundred years later and have served in turning the once underdog into a world leader as the second half of the 21st century approached. Revolution: The start of Russia as we know it begins with the fall of the Romanovs. Russia entered the 20th century under the rule of Nicholas II, the last of the Romanovs. Eventually, his incompetency as a leader caught up to him as a series of massive blunders, including the likes of and the Russo-Japanese War. Russia’s poor performance in this conflict, along with general public unrest, led to Bloody Sunday which marks the beginning of the 1905†¦show more content†¦Marxism and communism became commonplace amongst the people of Russia and the once marginalized Bolsheviks and Mensheviks rose to power and prominence. The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks were two Marxist political parties that arose from a split in the Russian Social-Democratic Worker’s Party. The two, despite their differences pushed for many of the sentiments that fueled the Revolution. However, while they began holding large scale conferences as early as 1903 they remained largely uninvolved in the prompting of the 1905 Revolution as they were so estranged they that they had to have their conferences outside of the country. It was the switch from imperialism that started the fire that would soon manifest itself as the February Revolution. The revolution, as much as it was a manifestation of nearly 20 years of tension, above all was jump-started by an overall massive failure in World War I. Russia joined the war after Austria declared war on its ally, Serbia. Food and fuel shortages followed all the while inflation and casualties rose. This ws the straw that broke the camel’s back, so to speak. The first strikes on St. Petersburg hit in 1917 and eventually prompted the February Revolution. The longstanding Romanov dynasty ended when Nicholas II was forced to resign. No time was wasted in seizing up control of the country. The Petrograd Soviet promptly issued Order No.1 claiming control of the armed forces. The order stated that the Soviet had to approve

Dubliners By James Joyce Essay Example For Students

Dubliners By James Joyce Essay A collection of short stories published in 1907, Dubliners, by James Joyce, revolves around the everyday lives of ordinary citizens in Dublin, Ireland (Freidrich 166). According to Joyce himself, his intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of country and chose Dublin for the scene because the city seemed to e the centre of paralysis (Friedrich 166). True to his goal, each of the fifteen stories are tales of disappointment, darkness, captivity, frustration, and flaw. The book is divided into four sections: childhood, adolescence, maturity, and public life (Levin 159). The structure of the book shows that gradually, citizens become trapped in Dublin society (Stone 140). The stories portray Joyces feeling that Dublin is the epitome of paralysis and all of the citizens are victims (Levin 159). Although each story from Dubliners is a unique and separate depiction, they all have similarities with each other. In addition, because the first three stories The Sisters, An Encounter, and Araby parallel each other in many ways, they can be seen as a set in and of themselves. The purpose of this essay is to explore one particular similarity in order to prove that the childhood stories can be seen as specific section of Dubliners. By examining the characters of Father Flynn in The Sisters, Father Butler in An Encounter, and Mangans sister in Araby, I will demonstrate that the idea of being held captive by religion is felt by the protagonist of each story. In this paper, I argue that because religion played such a significant role in the lives of the middle class, it was something that many citizens felt was suffocating and from which it was impossible to get away. Each of the three childhood stories uses religion to keep the protagonist captive. In The Sisters, Father Flynn plays an important role in making the narrator feel like a prisoner. Mr. Cotters comment that a young lad run about and play with young lads of his own age suggests that the narrator has spent a great deal of time with the priest. Even in death, the boy can not free himself from the presence of Father Flynn (Stone 169) as is illustrated in the following passage: But the grey face still followed me. It murmured; and I understood that it desired to confess something. I felt my soul receding into some pleasant and vicious region; and there again I found it waiting for me. The boy feels the need to get away from the priest, but this proves to be impossible. When he ran away into his pleasant and vicious region, the priest was still therehaunting him. In fact, even before the narrator is thoroughly convinced that the priest is dead, he is worried that Father Flynn will haunt him (Stone 169): In the dark of my room I imagined that I saw again the heavy grey face of the paralytic. I drew the blankets over my head and tried to think of Christmas. These passages convey the idea that the boy was afraid of the priest and felt somewhat freed by his death. This is further proven when the boy, after having seen the card announcing the death of the priest, thinks it strange that neither nor the day seemed in a mourning mood and even felt annoyed at discovering in self a sensation of freedom as if had been freed from something by death. This feeling of freedom suggests that the boy understood that he was a captive of Father Flynn, and thereby, also a captive of the church. With the Fathers death, perhaps the death of his captivity came as well. The idea of religious bondage can be seen in An Encounter by examining the relationship between the boys and Father Butler. When Leo Dillion is caught reading The Apache Chief in class, everyones heart palpitated as Father Butler frowns and looks over the pages. Shortly thereafter, the narrator claims that his rebukepaled much of the glory of the Wild WestBut when the restraining influence of school was at a distance began to hunger again for wild sensations. .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7 , .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7 .postImageUrl , .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7 , .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7:hover , .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7:visited , .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7:active { border:0!important; } .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7:active , .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7 .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1ed9c99106067b7c6e10c51e37a47cc7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Acid Rain (1317 words) Essay This passage demonstrates the control the church has over the opinions and thoughts of the narrator. In addition, if Father Butler is considered a symbol of the church, the fear felt by the students at the prospect of his disapproval and the freedom they feel when the restraining influence of the church was at a distance prove the suffocating nature of religion. It is from this stifling existence that the narrator yearns to escape. This is further illustrated when Leo Dillion doesnt appear for the ditch day because he worries that they might meet Father Butler or someone out of the college. Even though Father Butlers influence on the boys thoughts dwindles when school lets out, he is always in their minds. His presence in their thoughts, especially at time when they are planning an activity for which they could be punished, is a parallel to the feeling of a sinner who worries what Gods punishment will be. These passages prove captivity because the purpose of ditching class was to escape the rigid and stifling world and to find excitement in the unknown. However, even in the midst of the possibility of freedom, the boys cant help but think of what would happen if Father Butler found them. In Araby, although there is no clergyman, the theme of religious captivity is still present in Mangans sister, who is a symbol of the Virgin Mary. Just as a statue of the Madonna is lit from behind, on a pedestal, and defined in shadow, Mangans sister is lit from a lamp behind a half-opened door, while she waits on the steps for her brother to come inside, in the shadows of dusk. Just like the Virgin Mary, Mangans sister is worshiped by the narrator and therein lies the prison. Her image accompanied me even in places the most hostile to romance. The protagonist in Araby is obsessed with Mangans sister and can not escape seeing her image everywhere he goes. This is further illustrated in the following passage: I chafed against the work of school. At night in my bedroom and by day in the classroom her image came between me and the page I strove to read. In addition the religious imagery conjured by Mangans sister, the bazaar itself is also a religious symbol. This is shown in the following excerpt from Harry Stones explanation of symbolism in Araby: The interior of the building is like a church. The great central hall, circled at half its height by a gallery, contains dark stalls, dim lights, and curtained, jar-flanked sanctuaries. Joyce wants us to regard this temple as a place of worship (Stone 175). In fact, even the narrator proves to understand the religious symbolism when he says I recognized a silence like that which pervades a church after a service. The narrators trip to the bazaar is journey, but even here he can not escape the images of religion. Even here he can not escape the image of the Virgin Mary. He sees a young saleslady standing at a door of one of the stalls, flirting with two men. This is paralleled by the image of Mangans sister standing in her doorway flirting with the narrator. When he realizes the parallelism, he experiences an epiphany. His worshiped angel is only a girl, just like the ordinary girl who stands before him now (Stone 175). When he realizes how he has been deceiving himself, his eyes burned with anguish and anger. When the boy realizes the hold the church has had on him, he feels enraged and disgusted. Religious imagery and the use of religion as a captor from which the protagonists yearn to escape can be seen in each of the first three stories of Dubliners. Just as Father Flynn haunts the boy in The Sisters, and the boys in An Encounter can not escape the presence of Father Butler, the protagonist of Araby is obsessed with Mangans sister and can not escape seeing her image everywhere he goes. All three characters are haunted and all three desire freedom. In The Sisters, this feeling is articulated in the protagonists feeling of freedom that came with the death of Father Flynn. .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061 , .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061 .postImageUrl , .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061 , .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061:hover , .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061:visited , .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061:active { border:0!important; } .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061:active , .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061 .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u776969439811bfdf45805409bfd5f061:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pitch perception Essay In An Encounter, it is expressed with his desire to break out of the weariness of school-life for one day at least. In Araby, this craving for freedom is not realized until the narrators epiphany when he finally understands the hold the church has had on him. Because the three stories use religion as a prison, they can be seen as a set. Works Cited Friedrich, Gerhard. The Perspective of Joyces Dubliners. Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism: Volume 35. Ed. Paula Kepos. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1990. 166-169. Levin, Harry. James Joyce: A Critical Introduction. Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism: Volume 35. Ed. Paula Kepos. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1990. 159-164. Stone, Harry. Araby and the Writings of James Joyce. Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism: Volume 35. Ed. Paula Kepos. Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1990. 171-177.

Two Lives of Charlemagne and our understanding of medieval kingship Essay Example

Two Lives of Charlemagne and our understanding of medieval kingship Essay Charlemagne, translated into English as Charles the Great, was the King of the Franks, who expanded his empire to as further south as Italy. We learn from the two biographies that Charlemagne was instrumental in the spread of culture and arts to all corners of his kingdom. By closely associating himself with the Papacy, he helped spread the Christian message to much of Europe. As a result of his contributions in various fields, his reign was properly called the Carolingian Renaissance. The reader will be able to get a summation of his lifetime achievements as well as a sense of plebeian life in medieval Europe by reading through the two biographies in discussion. The book Two Lives of Charlemagne contains two different biographies of Charlemagne, who ruled a large swathe of western Europe during the 8th and 9th century AD. The first version is titled ‘Life of Charles’ (original name Vita Caroli) and is written by Einhard. The second version is titled ‘Of Charlemagne’ (original name De Carolo Magno) and is thought to be authored by Notker the Stammerer, who is referred to in related publications as Monk of Saint Gall. Both these works were written in Latin and were translated to English and other European languages only in recent centuries. While these two biographies of Charlemagne are classics of medieval literature, they differ in their points of view and focus. In the case of Einhard, he was a prominent member of the Royal court and hence was privy to the personal and official lives of the King. Indeed, his closeness to the King was such that he was able to recollect the entire account of the King’s life du ring his twilight years, when he retired from his duties and was staying in a monastery. By the time he undertook this project, the King had already passed away, which goes on to show how well the author’s memory and observation had served him during the writing process. The main focus of Einhard’s work was the official life of Charlemagne, which entailed the wars he participated in, the key political decision that he took, the civil society projects he implemented, etc. The coverage of King’s family and personal life is kept to a minimum, as is the convention of the time. As for the literary qualities of the work, Einhard’s style is reminiscent of Suetonius who wrote during the peak of the Roman Empire. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Lives of Charlemagne and our understanding of medieval kingship specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Two Lives of Charlemagne and our understanding of medieval kingship specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Two Lives of Charlemagne and our understanding of medieval kingship specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The alternate biography written by Notker the Stammerer (or Monk of Saint Gall) comes across as less academic and more light-hearted. Here, the author takes several literary liberties and seems to sacrifice historical accuracy in order to achieve aesthetic effect. The language is florid and the picture painted of the King larger than life. Of the two biographies, this is certainly the more hyperbolic (if not also sycophantic). Notker the Stammerer’s book is certainly the more humorous. In a display of self-depreciating humour, the author refers to himself as the stammering, toothless old man as a way of distinguishing from other Notkers in the King’s court. Notker also focuses on the personality attributes of the King, such as his generosity, acuity of mind, etc. The King’s prudent decision making, the set of principles he follows, etc were also touched upon. He also brings out the darker sides of the King, such as his tendency to be spiteful, his intolerance for dissent, and the brutality of some of his punishments. Indeed, reading through ‘Of Charlemagne’ one can’t escape being in the world of magic realism. If novelists such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Salman Rushdie were said to pioneer this new genre in literary fiction, then it is fair to say that Notker’s work is one of its earliest expressions in the non-fiction form (irrespective of factual inaccuracies and exaggerations in the book). Notker’s work is directed to the plebeian lot, as can be learned from the style of prose employed, the areas in which emphasis is laid, etc. In contrast, one gets the impression that Einhard’s work was directed to an elite audience such as fellow historians, courtiers and other intellectuals of the age. For example, as translator Lewis Thorpe notes in his introduction to the book, â€Å"in his introduction Einhard states his aims: they are to write the public history of Charlemagne and to describe the Emperor’s life and his day-to-day habits, omitting nothing which is relevant and yet remaining as succinct as possible†¦.Einhard himself says: ‘I am very conscious of the fact that no one can describe these events more accurately than I, for I was present when they took place and, as they say, I saw them with my own eyes. What is more, I cannot be absolutely sure that these happenings will in fact ever be described by anyone else’.† We should keep in mind though that despite this authorial declaration, there are obvious biases and inaccuracies. Einhard’s summing up of his work as one â€Å"which perpetuates the memory of the greatest and most distinguished of men† does give away the lack of objectivity and balance in what is to follow. In the case of Notker, there is not even a pretense of bringing veracity to the work, as the author himself claims to have never visited the King or his Kingdom. Hence, most of the content is conjured from hearsay accounts and the author’s own imagination. But despite these constraints, the fertility of Notker’s imagination comes through in passages like this: â€Å"I saw the King of the Franks, in full regalia, in the monastery of Saint Gall, Two gold-petalled flowers stuck out from his thighs. The first of these rose up so high that it was as tall as the King himself; the second, growing gradually upwards, adorned the top of his trunk with great glor y and protected him as he walked.† The anecdotal approach to biography that was adopted by Notker gives the reader a comprehensive view of the lifestyles and social customs of medieval Europe. From Notker’s work we understand several things about 8th century life. These include the centrality of the Church to everyday affairs, the congregation and singing that took place in its premises, the flaws in the bureaucratic structure of the court, the stigma associated with red-haired people, the fact that people lived on houses built on stilts, etc. Notker’s anecdotes endeavor to show the king in good light. Here we see how the wise king manages to catch conspiring bishops, how he rounds up unbelievers such as pagans, etc. But since Notker is seldom critical of the king’s actions throughout the work, it is difficult to place such anecdotes in historical and political context. We also understand from these biographies, that Charlemagne, despite being illiterate, was a patron of the written arts. Indeed, prior to his reign, there is virtually no body of Germanic Literature to speak of. It would not be an exaggeration to say that Charlemagne kick-started the tradition of written literature as we understand it today. Prior to that the mode of dissemination of information was primarily oral and dependent on human memory. He also encouraged the development of Western culture by promoting music, dance and theater (however rudimentary this art form might have been during medieval times). The two biographies cover different facets of the King’s life and hence compliment each other. It would be futile to debate which of the two books is superior, for they are of different kinds and not given to easy comparison. But they both remain vital texts in understanding one of the most influential Kings during the early medieval Europe. Even discounting for the authors’ hyperbole, it is a fact that Charlemagne played an important role in shaping historical currents of the time; and these two biographies give us a glimpse of the social, religious and political atmosphere under which Charlemagne’s ruled his domain. Work Cited: Two Lives of Charlemagne by Einhard and Notker the Stammerer, translated by Lewis Thorpe, published in 1969 by Penguin Classics.